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Cast iron is a general term for alloys composed mainly of iron, carbon and silicon. In these alloys, the carbon content exceeds the amount that can be retained in the austenite solid solution at the eutectic temperature.
Iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2%. Industrial cast iron generally has a carbon content of 2.5% to 3.5%. Carbon exists mostly in the form of graphite in cast iron, and sometimes in the form of cementite. In addition to carbon, cast iron also contains 1% to 3% silicon, as well as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and other elements. Alloy cast iron also contains nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, copper, boron, vanadium and other elements. Carbon and silicon are the main elements that affect the microstructure and properties of cast iron.